Paradise Lost An Epic to Surpass All Epics Essay

An Epic to Surpass all Epics The epic poem Paradise Lost by John Milton was written during a time of religious revolution in England. The subject matter of this epic poem, in the words of Milton, is [o]f mans first disobedience (line 1). In this blank verse, Milton refers to the story in Genesis where Eve tempts Adam to eat the forbidden fruit. In the first five lines of the poem he describes the beginning of mortality, suffering, and mans restoration, as the fruit [o]f that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste [b]rought death into the world, and all our woe, [w]ith loss of Eden, till one greater Man [r]estore us, and regain the blissful seat (lines 1-5). [D]eath is human mortality, and all our woe is mans suffering†¦show more content†¦In Paradise Lost, John Milton begins his poem after the War in Heaven, and after the angels had fallen. [T]he poem hastes into the midst of things, presenting Satan with his angels now fallen into Hell, described here, not in the center (for Heaven and Earth may be s upposed as yet not made, certainly not yet accursed) but in a place of utter darkness, fitliest called Chaos (Norton Anthology 1817). By starting in medias res, Milton fulfills one of the elements expected as part of an epic. In line six of Paradise Lost, Milton makes a call of divine force, [s]ing Heavenly Muse (line 6). Clearly here in this line of the poem he makes a call to a Muse, therefore fulfilling another requirement of an epic poem. But this Muse is not like other Muses in recent epics. This Muse is the Holy Spirit. Milton goes on to describe the Heavenly Muse, that on the secret top [o]f Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire [t]hat shepherd, who first taught the chosen seed, [i]n the beginning how the heavns and earth [r]ose out of Chaos (lines 6-10). The shepherd referred to here is Moses. Clearly Miltons Muse is God, the Great Divine, because God talks to Moses on top of Mount Sinai. Further proof that the Muse in this poem is the Holy Spirit is when the reference is made of Sion Hill [d]elight thee more, and Siloas brook that flowed [f]ast by the oracle of God (lines 10-12). Mount Zion [was] the site of Solomons TempleShow MoreRelatedJohn Milton s Paradise Lost896 Words   |  4 Pagesvict im to unfortunate events. One of the world’s greatest unanswered questions is: why do bad things happen? Or is it really an unanswered question? The great poet Milton decided to answer this question in his poem Paradise Lost. Milton wanted to create an epic to rival Homer and Virgil’s epics and he decided that there was no better way to do this than to answer mankind’s greatest question. Milton states that the reason why bad things happen in the world is because of man’s first disobedience to GodRead MoreThe comparison between John Miltons Paradise Lost and its basis on The Bible.2947 Words   |  12 Pageshumanity; beginning with the fall from Eden and the nature of evil, to the means of regaining Gods grace and the discussion of free will, it emphasizes humanitys inability to fully comprehend the nature of God and of the universe. In writing his epic Paradise Lost, John Milton is fully aware of his limitations as a mortal man; however, in an attempt to transcend the finite to the infinite, to describe the indescribable and to understand the unknown, Milton bases his arguments on Biblical theology to showRead MoreHeroes of the Ages1130 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the ages, there have been many epic heroes in which we hear about through stories. However, there is a rather common question of what makes them an epic hero. 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Both these epic poems at times magnify theRead MoreAnalysis Of The City Of God Essay2278 Words   |  10 Pagesthe subject has to acquire the most knowledge; However, the events that happened in literature and history express that there should be a limit to how much power one human should be able to obtain. In literature the play Doctor Faustus and epic poem Paradise Lost depicts characters, who fit this description of wanting to be the most powerful. They do this by seeking out the highest known level of knowledge, so that they could either be equal or more powerful than t heir peers. In history St. AugustineRead More The Son of God in Milton’s Paradise Lost: Taking One for the Team1761 Words   |  8 PagesThe Son of God in Milton’s Paradise Lost: Taking One for the Team Among those familiar with the Judeo-Christian belief system, Jesus is normally accepted as a selfless figure, one who became human, suffered, and was put to death out of divine love for humanity. In his portrayal of the Son of God in Paradise Lost, John Milton does not necessarily disagree with the devotion or love present in the Son. His characterization of the Son does not oppose this tradition; rather, it is simply differentRead MoreThe Theory Of Mind Over Matter2132 Words   |  9 Pagessource and the remedy for most of the body’s ailments. The concept has recently received a bad reputation from false claims and apparent fraud. This has led to sceptics who either dismiss the connections between the mind and body or simply ignore them all together. Throughout history, people have held on to the strong beliefs in the power of the mind and the physical effects attributed to it. For those who are open to the theory and exposed to some of the mind’s potentials, they often become fascinatedRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pages Strategic Human Resource Management, Second Edition by Charles R. Greer Copyright  © 2001, 1995 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. ii Permission to reprint these

A Crisis Of Faith Unpacking The Paradox Of Bram Stoker...

A Crisis of Faith: Unpacking the Paradox of Bram Stoker’s Religious â€Å"Other† Vampires are not new. Vampires are not old, either. Over the immeasurable history of the vampire myth, they have been re-invented countless times. In the early 19th century, vampires stepped out of legend and into literature where its evolution has continued. Polidori’s vampire was seductive. Anne Rice’s vampire was lonely. Francis Ford Copolla’s vampire was passionate. Bram Stoker’s vampire, however, was something arguably more complicated: it was the embodiment of faith at a time and place where faith was a matter of great contention. In his 1897 novel, Stoker designed his vampire as a complex and comprehensive religious â€Å"other† with characteristics derived in part from many of the religious traditions he saw in conflict around him. He placed these religious traditions within a folkloric creature associated with evil, encapsulating Victorian anxieties relating to the validity and verity of Christianity and scientific modernism. The resulting character, the notorious Count Dracula, was the unholy incarnation of the interdependent complexity and the tumultuous state of faith in Victorian England. At the time of Dracula’s authoring, the infamous fin de sià ¨cle, the western mind was full of anxieties with respect to many things, not least of which was the legitimacy of its religious practice. During the 20-year span surrounding the turn of the century, several of Stoker’s literary contemporaries

Software Testing Strategies and Current Issues †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Software Testing Strategies and Current Issues. Answer: Introduction: To understand standards in Software Testing, there is a need to look into viewpoints related to producers and that of customers. A standard governs quality of particular software and thus this can be considered as good thing from customer viewpoint. Standards are in the form of published documents that specifies procedures and standards to ensure quality of software and also ensures safety and reliability of it (Fuggetta Di Nitto, 2014). The research paper that is chosen discusses the growth or evolution of software testing. It highlights the fact that as penetration of computers increased, cost of software failure also increased and this resulted in the growth of testing. The paper outlines major testing models and discusses national standards for software (Gelperin Hetzel, 1988). The paper refers to ANSI/IEEE standard. There are many standards under ANSI/IEEE standard. This report will focus on IEEE 1008 unit testing standard. The will then try to answer some specific questions a bout the chosen standard. The first paragraph will provide the standard name. IEEE 1008 unit testing standard is the chosen standard. This paragraph will provide details about copyright holder for the given standard. A task group of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) technical committee holds the copy right for this standard. In short, IEEE is the copyright holder ("1008-1987 - IEEE Standard for Software Unit Testing - IEEE Standard", 2018). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic engineers) was the sole contributor for this standard. There was a working group within the IEEE which was responsible for framing the standard. This portion will clarify about the scope of the standard. Before presenting the scope, there is a need to understand software unit testing. This is a level of software testing. In this level, individual units or components of particular software are tested. Unit testing is done for the sole purpose of validating that each unit of software is functioning as designed (Ammann Offutt, 2016). A smallest testable part of software is unit. There are usually few inputs and this result in a single output. For programming that is procedural, a unit is a function, procedure or an individual program. In case of object oriented programming the smallest unit is a method (Kim et al., 2013). The reason for this explanation is to make the concept of unit testing clear as IEEE 1008 deals with unit testing. The primary aim of this standard is to specify an approach that is standard to software unit testing and this can be used as a basic framework for safe software engineering practice. The second ob jective for this standard is to describe concepts relating to software engineering and testing assumptions on which this standard is based on. The third scope for this standard is to assist with information for implementation and also to provide guidance. This paragraph will mention some key concepts that will help in understanding the standard. Since, this deals with IEEE 1008 standard, users need to understand unit testing in detail to implement the standard. As mentioned earlier unit testing is testing of individual components of software. Unit testing is performed by using white box testing method. Unit testing forms the first level of software testing and this performed before integration testing (Jan et al., 2016). Unit testing is basically performed by developers or by independent software testers. Unit testing task includes three parts namely Unit test plan, unit test cases and unit test. Under Unit test plan there are four components- prepare, review, rework and baseline. Under unit test cases there are also four components- Prepare, Review, Rework and baseline. For the last part that is Unit test, it has only one component that is Perform. Unit testing is done widely as there are several benefits. The first benefit of unit t esting is that it increases confidence in maintaining code. There is a possibility that when good unit tests are framed, users will be able catch any defects when they are run when a code is being changed. Because of unit testing, codes are more reusable. Codes need to be modular for making unit testing possible. Development is much faster when unit testing is implemented. Writing a test takes considerable time but that time is compensated since it takes much less time to run the test. When there is a defect, cost of fixing that defect is lesser when compared to defects found at higher levels ("Unit Testing - Software Testing Fundamentals", 2018). In case of Unit testing, debugging is very easy. If a test fails, developer needs to debug only the latest changes. Lastly, for unit testing codes are more reliable when compared to other levels. This portion will highlight what this standard does. This standard is in the form of a document which was developed by IEEE standards association board. IEEE 1008 standard was developed through a consensus development process which was further approved by American national standard Institute ("IEEE 1008-1987 - IEEE Standard for Software Unit Testing", 2018). This standard was made to ensure quality during unit testing of software. This standard emphasizes some key concepts and this will be discussed. The first one is integrity levels. This standard defines four integrity levels that range from high integrity to low integrity. This basically describes the importance software based system and software to the user. The second point mentions that rigor and integrity is applied to testing tasks. Intensity and rigor that is applied to a testing task vary according to integrity levels (Yue et al., 2016). This actually means that greater intensity is required for higher integrity levels. Int ensity mainly includes broader scope of testing across abnormal and normal operating system. And for rigor, it includes recording procedures and formal techniques. The third thing that this standard does is that it specifies criteria which are detailed in nature for testing tasks. For each testing tasks, a specific criteria is defined such as recommending minimum criteria such as consistency, correctness, accuracy, completeness, testability and readability. Required task inputs and outputs are included in testing task description (Singh et al., 2013). The fourth point is systems viewpoint and this includes minimum testing tasks which are recommended must respond to system issues. Finally, the standard also specifies the selection of test documentation. Based on testing task associated with integrity level, content topics and type of test documentation needs to be selected. The relevance that this standard brings to the table for software testing is immense. This standard specifies an approach which is integrated. It defines the approach to documented unit testing and systematic unit testing. Unit design, unit requirements and unit implementation is used for determining completeness for testing ("1008-1987 - IEEE Standard for Software Unit Testing | Engineering360", 2018). Testing process here is composed of multiple phases, tasks and activities. Minimum set of tasks for each activity is defined. This standard can be applied to unit testing for any computer software and also applies to testing of modified and developed units (Myers, Sandler Badgett, 2014). For the above mentioned reasons the relevance of this standard still counts to this day. Discussion based on the research paper The paper mentions that the development of IEEE standard was considered as a sign of professional maturity. However, the research paper mentioned few drawbacks of the implementation of the standard. Task group within the IEEE were tasked to frame the standard. The best practices at that time were not standardized by the task group and instead that task group tried to reach consensus on how the documentation for the test should be done. A system of data structures was documentation and it was perceived like that. Major difference exists between current practice and test documents which were defined in the standard and this difference can be found out in the definition of the test plan. Several test plans includes design and planning issues. Because of planning issues strategy choices are limited. The research paper further implies that the unit testing standard requires test summary report and test design specification. The research paper further states visibility is the biggest diffe rence between current practice and the standard. As far as commonalities are concerned, the research paper describes that the standard specifies activities, tasks, documents and phases that builds a unit testing effort. It also mentions that the standard for unit testing stresses on the need for designing a test set. Conclusion: Based on findings and research it was found out that standard IEEE 1008 was framed specifically for unit testing. It was also found out through thorough research that to implement the standard users need to be aware of unit testing concepts. Unit testing concepts and why it is beneficial for software testing have been explained in detail. The report carefully addresses seven questions relating to the standard. The scope, copyright information and the relevance of the standard have been addressed. Some drawbacks were identified with the help of research paper. Therefore, it can be concluded that the relevance of IEEE 1008 standard is huge and the user needs to be aware of this standard to implement it in case of software testing. References: Gelperin, D., Hetzel, B. (1988). The growth of software testing.Communications of the ACM,31(6), 687-695. 1008-1987 - IEEE Standard for Software Unit Testing - IEEE Standard. (2018).Ieeexplore.ieee.org. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/27763/ Ammann, P., Offutt, J. (2016).Introduction to software testing. Cambridge University Press. Kim, Y., Kim, Y., Kim, T., Lee, G., Jang, Y., Kim, M. (2013, November). Automated unit testing of large industrial embedded software using concolic testing. InAutomated Software Engineering (ASE), 2013 IEEE/ACM 28th International Conference on(pp. 519-528). IEEE. Jan, S. R., Shah, S. T. U., Johar, Z. U., Shah, Y., Khan, F. (2016). An Innovative Approach to Investigate Various Software Testing Techniques and Strategies.International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET), Print ISSN, 2395-1990. Unit Testing - Software Testing Fundamentals. (2018).Software Testing Fundamentals. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://softwaretestingfundamentals.com/unit-testing/ IEEE 1008-1987 - IEEE Standard for Software Unit Testing. (2018).Standards.ieee.org. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/1008-1987.html Yue, T., Ali, S., Zhang, M., Pradhan, D. (2016). Standardization Bodies and Standards Relevant for Uncertainty Modelling.Simula Research Laboratory, Technical Report,5, 2016. Singh, S., Kaur, A., Sharma, K., Srivastava, S. (2013). Software testing strategies and current issues in embedded software systems.International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research,3(4), 1342-1357. 1008-1987 - IEEE Standard for Software Unit Testing | Engineering360. (2018).Reference.globalspec.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://reference.globalspec.com/standard/9721/1008-1987 Myers, G. J., Sandler, C., Badgett, T. (2014).The art of software testing. John Wiley Sons. Fuggetta, A., Di Nitto, E. (2014, May). Software process. InProceedings of the on Future of Software Engineering(pp. 1-12). ACM.

What I Think About Fashion free essay sample

In most countries of the world the population is increasing alarmingly. This is especially true in poor, undeveloped countries. Overpopulation causes a considerable number of problems. In poor countries it is difficult to provide enough food to feed even the present number of people. In addition, education to limit the number of children per family is not always successful. Poorer countries usually have a lot of unemployment too, and an increase in population simply makes the situation worse. The environment also suffers when there are too many people living on the land. In rich, industrialised and developing countries it is very difficult for governments to provide effective public services in overcrowded cities. Moreover, there is usually a great deal more crime, which is often due to high rates of unemployment. Further large increases in population only cause more overcrowding, unemployment and crime. There are two main solutions to the overpopulation problem. We will write a custom essay sample on What I Think About Fashion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Firstly, every woman who is pregnant, but who does not want to give birth, should be allowed by law to have an abortion. Secondly, governments must educate people to limit the size of the family. In China, couples are penalised financially if they have more than one child. This may seem cruel, but the one-child policy is beginning to have an effect in the worlds most populous nation. Eventually, similar policies might also be necessary in other crowded nations such as India, for example. To sum up, if the population explosion continues, many more people will die of starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent nations, will become increasingly difficult